Thrashing machine



Jan. 27, 1931.

P, Y; BORODIN THRASHING Filgd Feb. 11 1930 IIACHINE 6 ,l llllllllll Iullllltllll ATTORNEY Patented Jian. 27, `1931 i UNITED. STATES PATENTOFFICE i lrawnr, Y. BoRonIN, 'or MoscowUNIoN or socrALIs'r sovrn'i1 REPUBLICS FTHRASHING MAcnrnn p Application filed February 17, 1936, Serial No. 429,036,- andiin the' Union of VSocialist S'ovietRepub'cs Y H Y-March2,1929;"Y 'f l My invention relates to thrashing machines andhas a particular reference to lmachines for thrashing grain and similar cultures.

There are two principal types of thrashing machines: one, peg mill type, employing drums with pegs, and another, with beater drums. `The first type'operates bystriking or hammering the ears and stalks, and the second type produces mainly rubbing action.

Both of these types are very ineiicient, as a large amount of powerfis spent not on the useful .work of removing grain from the ears, but on breaking the straw-fin peg mills, or smashing andA compressing it-in beater thrashers. Much lower power consumption would be required if the ears could have been separated from the straw for thrashing, and

this procedure has been actually suggested iny Germany in order to save the power consump' tion. This saving can be very considerable,

as the actual tests have lshown that while it takes about 10 kilograms to break (by pulling apart) a rye or wheat straw, the ear itself requires but 11/2 kg. fortearing it apart. Y chines or combines, a large amounty of power is wasted yon account of the arrangement for turning the stalks,coming from the header, at right angle for delivery to the drum. This turning causesfan irregular pil-- ing of stalks and their twisting, so that in such combines it is usually necessary toV pro..k

vide about three times as much power asin. stationary thrashers. y Y` In order to obviatethese diliculties andto reduce the amountolf power requirements, I devised a special arrangement with aV beater drum containing hinged vpegs operating in a concave formed'of a series of rotating .rolls .49: with pegs. The pegsfon the main beater are l kept under tension by the action ofthe centrifugal forceand can deflect when-striking an object. The concave rolls serve to carry the straws, so that they remain unbroken, the

grain being loosened under lightrand rapid hammering from the hinged pegs. l n

My invention is described more fully in the accompanying specification and drawing in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation show- Y drum In combined harvesting and thrashing ma- My thrashing` machine'lconsists-of a belt conveyor '1 moving on rolls 2 (one `of which is;v only shown). Anelevator belt 4; is placed with its lower roll 5`r next to the endroll 2; The upper roll 6 is placed under. a rear beater 7 and neXtto' a transferroll'S; A se'- res ofV spiked'lrolls 9 is placed betweenthe rear beater drum 7'- and the front beater drunr y 10. @These rolls `are provided with aplurality of-rigid or hxedspikesor pegs 11 arranged indifferent planes,`so` that they do not interfere with each other Vwhenthe rolls rotate.

The spike rollsform a concave vdeck for a Ycentral pegged drum 1:2. This drum rol tatesin the same direction as the beater drums and in the opposite direction 'to the. lower rolls, 6, 8 and 9. It'has a plurality V,of pegsl 13 pivotally mounted on pins 14 so thatthey can freely swing. VVhen-the drum rotates the pegs' take-radial positions due to the action of the centrifugal force Fig. l); vThey have lugs 15 at the base with holes 16 for pins 17. serving as guides/for Vsprings 18; These springs can, be used -to adjust the resistance of the pegs to deflection when they meet with' .certain resistance, for instance, when striking a bundle ofstraw. r Thelpegs are arranged on the periphery of the drum so thatthey pass between the spikes 11. without interference. An -inclined grate 19 is placed in front of the machine for the removal VVof. thrashed straw, allowing the broken ears to" fall through. y i j l VThe operation of my machine is as follows.v The stalks for loosened sheaves are deliv- Yer'edby the conveyor 1 and then raised by the elevator 4,'passing over the guiding `roll 8 Ato the spiked rolls 9. The beater drum 7 regulates theithickness of the layer off-stalks passing to therolls 9j The-stalks are carried in packs between thezs'pikes-orpegsi11'of 'eachroll and depositedfinto. the spaces be- `tweenthe spikes ofthe nextroll.

The spiked rolls form a concave surface for the main thrashing drum 12 the pegs of which pass between the spikes 11. Due to the rapid rotation of the drum, the pegs stand out radially under tension by the centrifugal force which may be supplemented by the tension of the springs 18. These springs are not necessary, however, and can be omitted, depending on the working conditions.

The pegs 13 strike the stalks and the ears with sharp blows sufficient to break the ears and to dislodge the grain, but they do not tear or break the straw, being readily delected by the stronger packs of suchY straw or stalks.

Due to this arrangement of deflecting pegs, the resistance to the rotation of the drums and rolls is comparatively small, so that the amount of power required for my thrashing machine is also small. The straw comes out in an unbroken and good condition, representing a. good marketable product.

The thrashed straw is guided by the beater drum 10 on the grate deck 19 where smaller particles, pieces of ears etc., are separated by falling between the grates.

Another important advantage of my arrangement is, that the. straws or loosened sheaves do not change theirvaxial positions during the process from the time when they are received on the conveyor 1 until they are discharged from the deck 19. This arrangement helps to keep the packs of stalks properly aligned and saves the power for their movement.

The conveyor 1 is adapted to receive the stalks directly from the harvesting shears. The stalks are then laid crosswise, retaining this position until they are discharged.

My mechanism is especially suitable for combines, as it eliminates the necessity for a right angle turn which is required for such combined machines with ordinary construction of the thrashing mechanism. The elimination of such turn saves a large amount ot power.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a thrashing machine, the combination with a thrashing drum, ot' a plurality of pegs pivot-ally supported on said drum, lugs on said pegs at an angle with the operating portions oi said pegs, means to resiliently retain said pegs in an operating position, a plurality of spiked drums forming a concave under said thrashing drum, and means to deliver the stalks into the space between said spiked drums and said thrashing drum.

In a thrashing machine, the combiira-Y tion with a thrashing drum, of a plurality of pegs pivotally supported Von said drum in longitudinal rows, spiked rollsimder said thrashing vdrum forming a concave, means to deliver stalks under said thrashing drum, and a beater roll adapted to remove the thrashed stalks from said pegs at the point of delivery.

3. In a thrashing machine, the combination with a thrashing drum, of a plurality of pegs on said drum, spiked rolls under said drum forming a concave, means to deliver stalks into the space between said drum and said rolls, and means to remove the thrashed stalks from under said drum, said rolls being adapted to be rotated in a direction opposite to the rotation of said drum and at speeds adjusted in accordance with the nature of the stalks thrashed.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature.

PAIVEL Y. BORODIN.

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